Friday, November 16, 2018
Sunday, September 23, 2018
C program for insertion sort with function and user input
ABK Bhuiyan
September 23, 2018
0
C program for insertion sort with function and user input
// C program for insertion sort with function and user input #include//prototype declaration for functions void insertionSort(int arr[], int n); void printArray(int arr[], int n); int main() { //taking the input for array length printf("How many elements do you want to input?: "); int n; scanf("%d",&n); //Declaration of array and relevant variables int arr[n],i; for(i=0; i { printf("Please input the element: "); scanf("%d",&arr[i]); // sorting the array insertionSort(arr, i); } //printing the array printArray(arr, n); return 0; } /* Function to sort an array using insertion sort*/ void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) { int i, key, j; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { j = i; while(j>0 && arr[j-1]>arr[j]) { //swapping the elements int temp = arr[j-1]; arr[j-1]=arr[j]; arr[j]=temp; j--; } } } //Function to print the array void printArray(int arr[], int n) { int i; for (i=0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]); printf("\n"); }
C program for insertion sort with function
ABK Bhuiyan
September 23, 2018
0
C program for insertion sort with function
// C program for insertion sort with function #include#include //prototype declaration for functions void insertionSort(int arr[], int n); void printArray(int arr[], int n); int main() { int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6}; //calculating size of array int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); //int n =5; // sorting the array insertionSort(arr, n); //printing the array printArray(arr, n); return 0; } /* Function to sort an array using insertion sort*/ void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) { int i, key, j; for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { j = i; while(j>0 && arr[j-1]>arr[j]) { //swapping the elements int temp = arr[j-1]; arr[j-1]=arr[j]; arr[j]=temp; j--; } } } //Function to print the array void printArray(int arr[], int n) { int i; for (i=0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]); printf("\n"); }
Friday, May 11, 2018
Research Gives New Ray of Hope for Solar Fuel
ABK Bhuiyan
May 11, 2018
0
A team of Renewable Energy experts from the University of Exeter has pioneered a new technique to produce hydrogen from sunlight to create a clean, cheap and widely-available fuel.
The team developed an innovative method to split water into its constituent parts – hydrogen and oxygen – using sunlight. The hydrogen can then be used as a fuel, with the potential to power everyday items such as homes and vehicles.
Crucially, hydrogen fuel that can be created through this synthetic photosynthesis method would not only severely reduce carbon emissions, but would also create a virtually limitless energy source.
The ground-breaking new research centres on the use of a revolutionary photo-electrode – an electrode that absorbs light before initializing electrochemical transformations to extract the hydrogen from water – made from nanoparticles of the elements lanthanum, iron and oxygen.
The researchers believe this new type of photo-electrode is not only cheap to produce, but can also be recreated on a larger scale for mass and worldwide use.
The research is published in leading journal, Scientific Reports.
Govinder Pawar, lead author on the paper and based at the University of Exeter’s Environment and Sustainability Institute on the Penryn Campus in Cornwall said: “With growing economies and population, fossil fuels will not be able to sustain the global energy demand in a “clean” manner as they are being exhausted at an alarming rate.
“Alternative renewable fuels sources must be found which can sustain the global energy demand. Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel source capable of replacing fossil fuels as it has a higher energy density than fossil fuels (more than double), zero carbon emissions and the only by-product is water.”
At present, around 85 per cent of the global energy provisions come from the burning of fossil fuels. Therefore the need and desire to find a sustainable, cost-effective renewable fuel source is growing in urgency.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the sun is earth’s most abundant renewable energy source, with the potential to provide 100,000 terawatts of power each year – meaning one hour’s worth of solar energy is equal to an entire year of total energy consumption worldwide.
However, efforts to produce efficient stable semiconductor material, in order to effectively convert sunlight to a storable widespread energy source, have so far proved elusive.
One of the most significant hindrances to the development of viable solar energy has been an inability to produce a semiconducting material suitable for the process.
In this new research, the team utilised lanthanum iron oxide to create a semiconducting material that gave the ideal results for the production of hydrogen from water using sunlight, making it the strongest candidate yet for renewable hydrogen generation.
Govinder Pawar added: “We have shown that our LaFeO3 photo-electrode has ideal band alignments needed to split water into its constituents (H2 and O2) spontaneously, without the need of an external bias. Moreover, our material has excellent stability where after 21 hours of testing it does not degrade, ideal for water splitting purpose. We are currently working on further improving our material to make it more efficient to produce more hydrogen.”
Monday, October 9, 2017
Danger of New Nuclear Weapon (H-Bomb)
ABK Bhuiyan
October 09, 2017
0
What Is the Difference Between a Hydrogen
Bomb and an Atomic Bomb?
North Korea tested a
powerful hydrogen bomb in the Pacific Ocean, after saying the country had
already successfully detonated one.
A hydrogen bomb has
never been used in battle by any country, but experts say it has the power to
wipe out entire cities and kill significantly more people than the already
powerful atomic bomb, which the U.S. dropped in Japan during World War II,
killing tens of thousands of people.
As global tensions
continue to rise over North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, here’s what to
know about atomic and hydrogen bombs:
Why is a hydrogen
bomb stronger than an atomic bomb?
More than 200,000
people died in Japan after the U.S. dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima and then another one three days later in Nagasaki during World War II
in 1945, according to the Associated Press. The bombings in the two cities were
so devastating, they forced Japan to surrender.
But a hydrogen bomb
has the potential to be 1,000 times more powerful than an atomic bomb,
according to several nuclear experts. The U.S. witnessed the magnitude of a
hydrogen bomb when it tested one within the country in 1954, the New York Timesreported.
Hydrogen bombs cause a
bigger explosion, which means the shock waves, blast, heat and radiation all
have larger reach than an atomic bomb, according to Edward Morse, a professor
of nuclear engineering at University of California, Berkeley.
![]() |
| An calculation of Nuclear weapon stock. |
Although no other
country has used such a weapon of mass destruction since World War II, experts
say it would be even more catastrophic if a hydrogen bomb were to be dropped
instead of an atomic one.
“With the [atomic]
bomb we dropped in Nagasaki, it killed everybody within a mile radius,” Morse
told TIME on Friday, adding that a hydrogen bomb's reach would be closer to 5
or 10 miles. “In other words, you kill more people,” he said.
![]() |
| First ever atom bomb blast. |
Hall, director of the
University of Tennessee’s Institute for Nuclear Security, called the hydrogen
bomb a “city killer” that would probably annihilate between 100 and 1,000 times
more people than an atomic bomb.
“It will basically
wipe out any of modern cities,” Hall said. “A regular atomic bomb would still
be devastating, but it would not do nearly as much damage as an H-bomb.”
Hiroshima in ruins following the atomic bomb
blast.
What’s the
difference between hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs?
Simply speaking,
experts say a hydrogen bomb is the more advanced version of an atomic bomb.
“You have to master the A-bomb first,” Hall said.
An atomic bomb uses
either uranium or plutonium and relies on fission, a nuclear reaction in which
a nucleus or an atom breaks apart into two pieces. To make a hydrogen bomb, one
would still need uranium or plutonium as well as two other isotopes of
hydrogen, called deuterium and tritium. The hydrogen bomb relies on fusion, the
process of taking two separate atoms and putting them together to form a third
atom.
![]() |
| Structure of a Nuclear |
“The way the hydrogen
bomb works — it’s really a combination of fission and fusion together,” said
Eric Norman, who also teaches nuclear engineering at UC Berkeley.
In both cases, a
significant amount of energy is released, which drives the explosion, experts
say. However, more energy is released during the fusion process, which causes a
bigger blast. “The extra yield is going to give you more bang,” Morse said.
Morse said the atomic
bombs dropped on Japan were each equivalent to just about 10,000 kilotons of
TNT. “Those were the little guys,” Morse said. “Those were small bombs, and
they were bad enough.” Hydrogen bombs, he said, would result in a yield of
about 100,000 kilotons of TNT, up to several million kilotons of TNT, which
would mean more deaths.
![]() |
| Firing a nuclear weapon enabled missile. |
Hydrogen bombs are
also harder to produce but lighter in weight, meaning they could travel farther
on top of a missile, according to experts.
What are the
similarities between hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs?
Both bombs are
extremely lethal and have the power to kill people within seconds, as well as
hours later due to radiation. Blasts from both bombs would also instantly burn
wood structures to the ground, topple big buildings and render roads unusable.
LIFE magazine described
such devastation in an article published on March 11, 1946, on the aftermath of
the atomic bombs dropped on Japan. The piece read: "In the following waves
[after the initial blast] people's bodies were terribly squeezed, then their
internal organs ruptured. Then the blast blew the broken bodies at 500 to 1,000
miles per hour through the flaming, rubble-filled air. Practically everybody
within a radius of 6,500 feet was killed or seriously injured and all buildings
crushed or disemboweled."
Danger






